Inflammation is the body's natural response to infection, irritation or injury. When tissues are injured or infected, the immune system releases chemicals that cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling. This helps isolate foreign substances from further contact with body tissues.
The four main signs of inflammation include:
- Redness - caused by increased blood flow into affected tissues
- Swelling - leakage of fluid into tissues causes edema
- Heat - inflamed areas become warm to the touch
- Pain - nerves sensitive to chemicals released during inflammation
Inflammation serves an important purpose - to help the body heal after infection or injury. However, too much inflammation over a prolonged period can damage tissues and organs. Chronic inflammation is linked to several diseases like heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, and cancer.
Acute inflammation starts rapidly and becomes severe in a short time. Its main signs are redness, swollen tissues, heat, pain, and loss of function. It may be caused by bacterial or viral infections, burns or frostbite, trauma or surgery.
Chronic inflammation persists over longer periods without clear resolution. It may arise from autoimmune disorders, exposure to irritants like toxic chemicals, or unresolved acute inflammation.
Common anti-inflammatory treatments like NSAIDs and corticosteroids help reduce swelling. Resting the affected area and applying cold compresses can also help alleviate inflammation. Ultimately, treating the underlying cause is key to resolving chronic inflammation.
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