Mood disorder - Balanced You

What is a mood disorder?

A mood disorder is a condition that causes severe, long-lasting disturbances in a person's mood. There are several main types of mood disorders:

• Major depressive disorder: Characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in usual activities. Other common symptoms include changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and suicidal thoughts.
• Bipolar disorder: Characterized by cycles of high energy and elevated mood (mania) alternating with periods of depression. Manic symptoms can include increased activity, impulsive behavior, insomnia, and racing thoughts.
• Dysthymic disorder: A mild but chronic form of depression lasting at least 2 years in adults (1 year in children). People with this disorder feel persistently sad and lack motivation, but generally can still function.
• Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): A type of depression correlated with changes in seasons, typically starting in fall or winter and ending in spring or early summer.

What causes mood disorders?

The exact causes are unknown, but likely involve a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Imbalances in brain chemicals like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine play a major role. Stressful life events, trauma, grief, medical illnesses, and substance abuse can trigger mood episodes.

How are mood disorders diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on a clinical assessment of symptoms, medical history, physical exam, and sometimes lab tests. Clinicians use standard criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Patients may be asked to track mood symptoms in a diary. More research is still needed to refine diagnostic techniques.

How are mood disorders treated?

Treatment is tailored to individual needs and typically involves both medication and psychotherapy. Common medications include antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics. Different therapeutic approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) help patients develop coping skills. Support groups, light therapy for SAD, lifestyle changes, and alternative medicine can supplement treatment. Hospitalization may be necessary in cases of safety concerns or severe mania/depression.

I hope this overview on mood disorders has been helpful! Let me know if you have any other questions.